These Colombian surnames aren't actually from Colombia, according to AI.

Colombia is a nation whose cultural diversity is reflected even in something as mundane as surnames . Far from having a single root, family names tell a story of migration , colonization, and interbreeding that has profoundly shaped the national identity. ChatGPT allows us to identify surnames that are abundant in the country but are not native.

From surnames of Spanish origin brought during the conquest to Arabic, Italian, German, or African names that arrived with different waves of migration, the country has woven a diverse identity where family lineage often reveals the crossroads of cultures that have shaped Colombian society today.

The truth is that many of the surnames we consider "common" in Colombia are not native to the country, but rather reflect a rich history of migration and interbreeding that has shaped the nation as we know it today, and artificial intelligence (AI) is the best tool to find them.

According to the GPT Chat, the following are the most common surnames that are not originally from Colombia:

1. Rodríguez, González, Martínez, Ramírez, Pérez ​These surnames—very common in Colombia—are entirely Spanish in origin. They come from Iberian lineages dating back to the Middle Ages, mostly derived from the patronymic system: “Rodríguez” means “son of Rodrigo,” for example. Although they are extremely common in the country, they are not of Colombian origin, but rather Iberian.

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2. Restrepo, Orozco, Hurtado, Vélez, Salazar ​Although today they are considered deeply "paisa" or Andean, these surnames also have Spanish roots, often from the Basque Country or Galicia. The surname Restrepo, for example, comes from northern Spain, although it was widely spread in Antioquia during the colonial period.

3. Torres, Mendoza, Rivas, Castaño, Mejía All of these surnames arrived with colonization and were inherited by Spanish soldiers, clergy, and officials. The repeated presence of these surnames in various regions of Colombia is due to the colonial system of land allocation and lineages.

4. Franco, Bianchi, De Angelis, Ferrari ​Less common, but present in cities like Bogotá, Medellín, Cali, and Barranquilla, these surnames have Italian origins. They mostly arrived with immigrants between the late 19th and mid-20th centuries, many of them attracted by commercial opportunities or fleeing European conflicts.

5. Haddad, Abdala, Tannus, Saab, Daher These are Arabic surnames, especially Lebanese and Syrian, that became popular in Colombia after the arrival of thousands of immigrants from the Middle East in the late 19th century. Today, they are common on the Caribbean Coast and other regions, and are an integral part of the country's business and political fabric.

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The least common Spanish surnames

But just as there are surnames that are common and very frequent, others stand out for being strange to the majority of the population.

Below is a list of the 10 "rarest" surnames, based on an extensive compilation from the specialized website Psychology and Mind . The vast majority come from Spain, and there is little record of them in their place of origin. Indirectly, the same occurs in areas that were conquered by this European country.

1. Zuzunaga

2. Sorní

3. Heron

4. Sandemetrius

5. Urriaga

6. Bonachera

7. Vital

8. You preach

9. Seasoning

10. Deaf