A human landing on Mars is possible

A new space mission currently under evaluation by the European Space Agency (ESA) aims to establish the scientific infrastructure that could enable a human landing on Mars. The UK-led project, dubbed "M-MATISSE," aims to improve the safety of future human missions by studying the Red Planet's space weather conditions in detail.

M-MATISSE (Mars Magnetosphere, ATmosphere, Ionosphere and Space-weather Science) plans to send two robotic orbiters to Mars. These rovers will study the planet's atmospheric layers, including its magnetosphere, ionosphere, and thermosphere, as well as the atmosphere and radiation levels near the surface. If approved, the mission will be the first dedicated mission to investigate Mars' space weather in all its layers.

Dr. Beatriz Sanchez-Cano of the University of Leicester reported that this mission will reveal how solar energy and particles are absorbed in the Martian atmosphere and how they affect surface processes. This information is critical for predicting and taking precautions against radiation hazards, particularly during human missions. Dr. Sanchez-Cano said, “Understanding space weather conditions on Mars is crucial for both robotic and human missions. We know from our experience monitoring space weather on Earth how significant such hazards are.”

The two spacecraft used in the mission are named "Henri" and "Marguerite." "Henri" will be located in the Martian plasma system, while "Marguerite" will be located further away, observing regions with intense solar wind influence. This strategy will allow simultaneous monitoring of the solar wind's influence on the Martian atmosphere from both near and far distances. This will provide new insights into how the Martian atmosphere evolved and the conditions for habitability.

The mission proposal is currently under evaluation for ESA's "medium-sized mission" program. One of three candidates, "M-MATISSE," is expected to be announced in mid-2026. If selected, the UK will be responsible for all particle measurement instruments and the scientific data management center. This will enable the UK to make the most sensitive ion, neutral, and electron measurements ever obtained on Mars. "M-MATISSE" will not only provide scientific data but also provide a protective shield for future astronauts who will land on Mars.

Such research is considered vital for making accurate predictions about Mars' space climate, determining habitable zones, and ensuring the durability of mission equipment. If 'M-MATISSE' is approved, the path to Mars will become clearer.