3 to 5 cups a day. Scientists: The timing of coffee drinking is most important.
As the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute reminds, moderate coffee consumption, about 3 to 5 cups a day, has been linked to a lower risk of premature death.
Recent research suggests that the timing of coffee consumption may also influence the observed benefits. They found that adults who drank coffee before noon had the greatest reductions in premature mortality from all causes and from cardiovascular disease.
The study was based on extensive analysis of nutritional data collected from more than 40,000 American adults, 52% of whom drank coffee. Of this group, more than a third—36%—drank coffee in the morning, and 16% drank coffee throughout the day.
After adjusting for various factors, researchers found that adults who limited their coffee consumption to between 4 a.m. and noon were 16 percent less likely to die from any cause over nearly 10 years compared with adults who didn't drink coffee.
They were also 31 percent less likely to die from cardiovascular disease, but these findings did not apply to people who drank coffee during other time periods.
The NHLBI explains that the benefits of drinking coffee in the morning may be due to two factors:
- drinking coffee has a lesser impact on sleep disorders, which has a positive effect on overall health and the cardiovascular system,
- Coffee has the strongest anti-inflammatory effect in the morning.
At the same time, the authors emphasize the need for further research to examine the various associations related to the health benefits of coffee drinking. The results of this study were published in the European Society of Cardiology.
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